Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Titration of supplemental Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis American Type Culture Collection PTA-125135 to broiler chickens fed diets of 2 different metabolizable energy concentrations

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.04.027

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enumeration of Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium in mixed feed, CFU/g. 1

Article Snippet: In US patent 6,524,574, demonstrated that a commensal strain of E. faecium (strain NCIMB 10415) improved the competitive exclusion of pathogens by S. cerevisiae.

Techniques: Control

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Disrupting Membrane Adaptation Restores In Vivo Efficacy of Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci and Potentiates Killing by Human Neutrophils

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz131

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains used in this work

Article Snippet: Representative colonies were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, and genomic variants were determined using the E. faecium strain R497 genome (National Center for Biotechnology Information accession no. GCF_000294895.2) as a reference ( Supplementary Materials ).

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Disrupting Membrane Adaptation Restores In Vivo Efficacy of Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci and Potentiates Killing by Human Neutrophils

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz131

Figure Lengend Snippet: Deletion of liaR restores the antimicrobial activity of daptomycin (DAP) against Enterococcus faecium strain R497 in a mouse peritonitis model. A, Among mice (n = 6) infected with strain R497, 50 mg/kg DAP was required for protection of animals. B, In mice (n = 3–6) infected with strain R497ΔliaR, a single dose of 6.25 mg/kg DAP provided protection similar to that of 50 mg/kg in mice infected with wild-type or complemented strains. C, Mice (n = 5–6) infected with strain R497ΔliaR::liaR showed a mortality profile similar to that of mice infected with wild-type strain R497. D, Log10 number of colony-forming units (CFU)/gram of spleen from mice (n = 6) infected with strains R497, R497∆liaR, or R497∆liaR::liaR and treated with 25 or 6.25 mg/kg DAP . Each dot represents an individual mouse, and the horizontal line shows the geometric mean. Significant reductions in the number of CFU/gram were observed at a dose of 6.25 mg/kg DAP in strain R497∆liar-infected mice as compared to mice infected with strains R497 and R497∆liar::liaR and treated with 25 mg/kg DAP. ***P ≤ .001 and **P ≤ .01, by a 2-tailed unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Representative colonies were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, and genomic variants were determined using the E. faecium strain R497 genome (National Center for Biotechnology Information accession no. GCF_000294895.2) as a reference ( Supplementary Materials ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Infection

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Disrupting Membrane Adaptation Restores In Vivo Efficacy of Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci and Potentiates Killing by Human Neutrophils

doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz131

Figure Lengend Snippet: liaR deletion in daptomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain R497 significantly improves killing by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). A, Representative fluorescence microscopy images of phagocytosis observed with brightfield, TRITC, and FITC filters. A lower number of strain R497ΔliaR bacteria was seen in PMNs, as compared to numbers of strains R497 and R497ΔliaR::liaR. PMNs from the same donor were evaluated to compare phagocytosis in the 3 strains. B, Numbers of ingested bacteria were significantly reduced in neutrophils containing strain R497ΔliaR as compared to those containing strain R497. Reintroduction of the liaR gene in the mutant resulted in an effect similar to that seen with strain R497. Each dot represents the mean number of cocci/PMN per donor, using PMNs from 7 different donors for strains R497ΔliaR and R497 and from 3 of the original 7 donors for strain R497ΔliaR::liaR. C, A significant decrease in survival was observed for strain R497ΔliaR, compared with strain R497. Complementation of liaR restored the survival rates to those observed for strain R497 (P > .05 [not significant {NS}]). Bars represent mean survival, using PMNs from 8 donors (strains R497 vs R497ΔliaR) and from 4 of 8 original donors for strain R497ΔliaR::liaR. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. ***P < .001 and ****P < .0001, by the 2-tailed unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Representative colonies were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, and genomic variants were determined using the E. faecium strain R497 genome (National Center for Biotechnology Information accession no. GCF_000294895.2) as a reference ( Supplementary Materials ).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Bacteria, Mutagenesis

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: The Many Faces of Enterococcus spp.—Commensal, Probiotic and Opportunistic Pathogen

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091900

Figure Lengend Snippet: Required features of Enterococcus spp. in relation to probiotics.

Article Snippet: The probiotic strain E. faecium M-74 (Aberdeen, UK; the National Collections of Industrial Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB) registered no 11181) was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy Swedish children and exhibits immunomodulatory, antimutagenic [ , , ], and hypocholesterolemic properties [ ].

Techniques: Probiotics

Journal: Microorganisms

Article Title: The Many Faces of Enterococcus spp.—Commensal, Probiotic and Opportunistic Pathogen

doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091900

Figure Lengend Snippet: The relationships between enterococci in the transition towards pathogenicity. Legend: HGT—horizontal gene transfer; Vfs—virulence factors, ARG—antibiotic resistance gene. Antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, and diet can alter the composition of the gut microbiota. The overgrowth of Enterococcus causes dysbiosis and often disorders homeostasis. Biofilm is a key process in horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Transfer antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors are facilitated. Commensal strains and probiotic strains can convert into pathogenic strains. For oncological patients and people with a weakened immune system, the translocation of pathogenic strains into the circulatory system is highly likely.

Article Snippet: The probiotic strain E. faecium M-74 (Aberdeen, UK; the National Collections of Industrial Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB) registered no 11181) was isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of healthy Swedish children and exhibits immunomodulatory, antimutagenic [ , , ], and hypocholesterolemic properties [ ].

Techniques: Translocation Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium butyricum , Either Alone or in Combination, on Growth and Fecal Microbiota Composition of Post-weaning Pigs at a Commercial Farm

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentrations of Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium butyricum in the probiotic powder products.

Article Snippet: Four probiotic powder products (Products 1–4) containing live or heat-killed E. faecium strain NHRD IHARA (EFNH), or live C. butyricum strain MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) were manufactured by a commercial company (Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium butyricum , Either Alone or in Combination, on Growth and Fecal Microbiota Composition of Post-weaning Pigs at a Commercial Farm

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plots based on weighted UniFrac distances of the bacterial community structures in the gut microbiota of post-weaning pigs that were fed probiotics-supplemented diets or a control diet on (A) the first day of Phase 1 (T1; day 0 post-weaning), (B) the final day of Phase 1 (T2; day 40 post-weaning), and (C) the final day of Phase 2 (T3; day 90 post-weaning). 3D PCoA plots were visualized using the program Emperor. Red: basal diet (C); green: basal diet + 1 g/kg of Product 1 containing live Enterococcus faecium (L); blue: basal diet + 1 g/kg of Product 2 containing heat-killed E. faecium (D); purple: basal diet + 1 g/kg of Product 3 containing live Clostridium butyricum (M); orange: basal diet + 1 g/kg of Product 4 containing live E. faecium + C. butyricum (L+M).

Article Snippet: Four probiotic powder products (Products 1–4) containing live or heat-killed E. faecium strain NHRD IHARA (EFNH), or live C. butyricum strain MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) were manufactured by a commercial company (Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Probiotics, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium butyricum , Either Alone or in Combination, on Growth and Fecal Microbiota Composition of Post-weaning Pigs at a Commercial Farm

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00026

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative abundances at the phylum level of the gut microbiota in post-weaning pigs that were fed probiotics-supplemented diets or a control diet on (A) the final day of Phase 1 (T2; day 40 post-weaning) and (B) the final day of Phase 2 (T3; day 90 post-weaning).

Article Snippet: Four probiotic powder products (Products 1–4) containing live or heat-killed E. faecium strain NHRD IHARA (EFNH), or live C. butyricum strain MIYAIRI 588 (CBM588) were manufactured by a commercial company (Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).

Techniques: Probiotics, Control